Lakota Man's Necklace: A Description of One of the Holdings of the Denver Art Museum
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A 5 page description and artistic analysis of a necklace created in the 1920s and held as a part of the Denver Art Museum's Native American collection. Provides a detailed description of the necklaces components, including quill work and otter fur as well as more commercial components such as mirrors and ribbons. Analyses the piece in terms of color, symmetry, repetition, and other aspects of composition. Bibliography lists one source.
Filename: PPnaNeck.wps

The Seventh Generation - The Religion Of The Native American
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A 6 page paper discussing important concepts in Indian spirituality / religion. The writer features quotes from a number of Native Americans and reliable sources. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: Indian1.wps

Religion and Culture: A Comparison of Christianity and the Ancient Religion of the Inca
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5 page discussion of the importance of religion in culture. Discusses the separation of monotheism and polytheism and compares the belief structure of Christianity and the Inca. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: PPgods.wps

Popol Vuh / Converting Mexico's Indians To Christianity
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10 pages in length. The Popol Vuh is as critical to the history of the Native Americans as any book of recorded history would be to an entire circle of peoples. It is, indeed, what the Native Americans have looked upon as their holy book of the Quiche Indians of Guatemala. Translated, the words Popol Vuh represent the unification of people in God's name, which to them is a magic word; indeed, it stands for the Book of the Community. It also symbolizes all things good, such as the sun, light and fertility. Yet through this vast connection to its Mexican history, Popol Vuh also speaks of the reasons behind what ultimately lead the Indians of Mexico to find their faith in Christianity. The writer discusses the relevance of the Popol Vuh as it relates to the conversion of Mexico's Native Americans to Christianity. Bibliography lists 11 sources.
Filename: Popolvuh.wps

Colonial America and the Cherokee
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A 5 page discussion of the impacts on Native American culture during the Colonial period. Discusses the differing values of non-Indian and Indian and the cultural transition which many of the tribes made toward taking on European ways. Emphasizes the Cherokee culture and observes that despite their willingness to integrate with the Whites they were still viewed as inferiors and were eventually forced from their homelands both out of greed and out of perceived inferiority. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: PPnaColo.wps

Sam Houston: Factors Which Shaped His Successes and Failures
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A 5 page overview of how Houston’s interactions with the Cherokee Indians shaped both his political and personal life. Illuminates specific aspects of Cherokee culture which influenced him, specifically referencing “Sam Houston and the American Southwest” by Randolph B. Campbell. No additional sources are listed.
Filename: PPHousto.wps

The Cherokee: Family Relationships
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A 9 page overview of Cherokee familial relations. Discusses the role of women and men and provides details on the matrilineal descent practice, clans, how it was determined who could marry whom, who was responsible for child care, and other aspects of Cherokee family life. Bibliography lists 7 sources.
Filename: PPNAcher.wps

The Contemporary Social Adjustment of a Seventy-Four Year Old Mixed Blood Cherokee/European Female
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A 9 page discussion of the factors which influence an individual’s relation with the rest of the society. Presents information obtained during an interview with a seventy-four year old single female of mixed Cherokee and European descent. Discusses the ability of this woman to adjust to society despite her numerous social shortcomings such as limited education and verbal communication skills. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: PPelder2.wps

The Oklahoma Land Run as witnessed by E.F. Boggess
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A 5 page overview of the Oklahoma Land run as witnessed by disciple of Christ preacher E.F. Boggess. Discusses the history of the land starting first with its allocation by the U.S. government to the Cherokee and continuing through its settlement by non-Indians. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: Oklaland.wps

The Trail Of Tears
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7 pages in length. Often referred to as the American Holocaust, the Trail of Tears represents a battle between the European settlers and the Cherokee Indians that ultimately brought down the Cherokee Nation. In retelling the tale time and time again, various and minute details have been modified throughout the decades; however, the primary factor remains clear: the Cherokee Indians were forced to fight with blood, sweat and tears in order to uphold their dignity as The Principal People. The event that took place in North Georgia, ultimately to be known as the Trail of Tears, sheds considerable light on how the Cherokee were treated with severe disrespect and manipulation by the Europeans, whose goal it was to settle upon the Indian's territory. The writer discusses the events leading up to the Trail of Tears. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: TLCtrail.rtf

The Trail of Tears: Disgrace of a Young Nation
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A 7 page discussion of the forced removal of the Cherokee Indian in 1838 from their eastern homelands in the United States. Written from the perspective of a foreign reporter who witnessed the event first hand. Provides details of the events which led up to the removal. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: PPtrailT.rtf

Western Expansion and the Trail of Tears
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6 pages in length. This paper examines the sad travesty of the Cherokee Trail of Tears march due to western expansion from 1815-1840. The historical treatment of the Cherokee is reviewed. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: JGAwstrn.wps

Black Elk Speaks
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A five page paper looking at John Neihardt’s interview of Black Elk, a Lakota Indian who survived the massacre at Wounded Knee. The paper explains the theme and importance of the work, and shows how it helped to change early twentieth-century stereotypes of the Indian. No additional sources.
Filename: KBelk.wps

Black Elk's Vision
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A 5 page paper on Black Elk Speaks: Being the Life Story of a Holy Man of the Oglala Sioux, edited and translated by John Neihardt. The paper shows that although Black Elk felt he did not fulfill his sacred mission of mending the broken hoop of Indian culture, the rise in public interest and awareness concerning Indians shows that he did. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: Blckelk.wps

'Native Roots' by Jack Weatherford
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A 5 page paper that reviews Weatherford's book, focusing upon defining his thesis and demonstrating support for Weatherford's belief that major political, cultural, and social constructs in the Americas, including the economy, were based on the principles and techniques of Native American communities. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: Nativer.wps

'Native Roots' by Jack Weatherford # 2
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A 5 page paper that considers the importance of Weatherford's historical account of the relationship between European settlers and Native American communities. This paper presents Weatherford's work in a critical perspective, noting that his focus on the importance of the interaction between Indians and European settlers almost negates the devastating impacts enacted against the Indians. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: Nativer2.wps

'The Broken Spears': The Aztec Account of the Conquest of Mexico
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A 6 page overview of Miguel Leon Portilla's 'The Broken Spears : The Aztec Account of the Conquest of Mexico'. Reveals that this book differs from typical accounts of the conquest of Mexico in that it is one of the few accounts which is presented from the aspect of the indigenous peoples who lived there rather than from the perspective of the European marauders who invaded their lands and killed their peoples. Examines the question of why the Spanish were able to conquer the Aztec. Suggests that this accomplishment is not just due to technological superiority but also to Spanish mindset. The Spanish conquered the Aztec by destroying their culture and exposing them to the ravages of disease. No additional sources are listed.
Filename: PPaztec.rtf